![]() Numerical modelling has suggested that jumps of at least 8 km, or possibly more are feasible. For active strike-slip systems, earthquake ruptures may jump from one segment to another across the intervening stepover, if the offset is not too great. In the case of a dextral fault zone, a right-stepping offset is known as an extensional stepover as movement on the two segments leads to extensional deformation in the zone of offset, while a left-stepping offset is known as a compressional stepover. The areas between the ends of adjacent segments are known as stepovers. When strike-slip fault zones develop, they typically form as several separate fault segments that are offset from each other. Deformation styles Development of Riedel shears in a zone of dextral shear Flower structures developed along minor restraining and releasing bends on a dextral (right-lateral) strike-slip fault Stepovers Strike-slip tectonics is characteristic of several geological environments, including oceanic and continental transform faults, zones of oblique collision and the deforming foreland of zones of continental collision. Where the displacement along a zone of strike-slip deviates from parallelism with the zone itself, the style becomes either transpressional or transtensional depending on the sense of deviation. Areas of strike-slip tectonics are characterised by particular deformation styles including: stepovers, Riedel shears, flower structures and strike-slip duplexes. Where a zone of strike-slip tectonics forms the boundary between two tectonic plates, this is known as a transform or conservative plate boundary. Strike-slip tectonics or wrench tectonics is a type of tectonics that is dominated by lateral (horizontal) movements within the Earth's crust (and lithosphere). This video explains faults, where they form and why they form in a easy to understand fashion.Structure and processes associated with zones of lateral displacement in the Earth's crust Reverse Fault:Reverse faults occur when the crust of the earth is compressed, causing the two rock walls to move closer together to accommodate for the pressure.Normal Fault: Normal faults occur when the crust of the earth is extended, causing the two rock walls to move farther apart from one another to accommodate for extension.With normal faults forming at ~60° from horizontal and reverse faults forming at ~30° from horizontal. There are two types of dip-slip faults, normal and reverse. Right-lateral Strike Slip Fault: when you stand on one side of the fault and look towards the other, the other side has appeared to move to right.ĭip-slip Faults:This type of fault is associated with either extension of earth’s crust or compression of it.Left-lateral Strike Slip Faults: when you stand on one side of the fault and look towards the other, the other side has appeared to move to left.There are two types of these faults, left-lateral and right-lateral. Strike Slip Faults: this is where the fault plane within the rock is near vertical at around 90° from the horizontal surface. There are two types of faults, strike-slip and dip-slip. Movement along these faults is the cause of most earth quakes. Faults are fractures in a rock with movement along them due to tectonic pressures. ![]() This allows Geologists to study the stresses involved in the formation of these faults and thus infer the processes that formed the fault. Faults are an important part of geology, as they form along planes of weakness in rocks.
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